The reasons for this huge production increase are varied and in fact ghanas cocoa yields per hectare. The following report is a situational analysis of child labour in the cocoa sector of ghana. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghana s reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. According to the ceo of cocobod, the target was 830,000 tons. With the contribution of the sector to ghana s economy with respect to crop production, cocoa is the only commercial crop of much economic significance as the country is the second largest producer with about 15 per cent contribution to the world market while neighbouring cote d ivoire leads in the world. The lower use in ghana would be expected to lower the overall risk of pesticide intoxication among children. This paper discusses ghana s cocoa industry from the innovation systems perspective. Cocoa production in a nutshell make chocolate fair. Reasons elicited for the reduction in production included. Workassociated ergonomic exposures and injuries in cocoa production. The target to move from current 700,000tons to one million tons by 201011 process at least 40% of our production locally celebrate cocoa every 14th februaryst valentineschocolate day and 1st october as copal cocoa day. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana.
Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer in ghana. This decline was because of smuggling of as much as 20 percent of ghanas harvest cocoa into ivory coast bulir, 2002, along with aging tree. Ghana government policies towards accelerated growth in.
This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Ghana sells most of its cocoa production, over 90 percent of which is of grade 1, ahead of the harvest season through forward contracts. Ghana production is also an indicator of the vulnerability of cocoa producers to external price shocks coulombe and wodon 2007. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa. Ghana government policies towards accelerated growth in cocoa production dr. Overall the western region accounted for 56percent of national production in 2011 versus 53percent in 2002. Cocoa output in ghana, the worlds biggest producer after ivory coast, exceeded seasonal targets due to good weather and an increase in plantings, according to the countrys industry regulator, cocobod. Ghana aims at closing cocoa production gap with ivory. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa sector 7 executive summary cocoa production is essential to the health of ghanas economy, contributing 3% to its gross domestic product and supporting the livelihoods of approximately 4 million farming households gss, 2015. Environmental impact of cocoa production wikipedia. Bank of ghana, research department, accra, ghana ebenezer.
Good agricultural practices for sustain able cocoa production. A cocoa tree becomes productive four to five years after planting and can remain productive for several decades. The study on development of improved infrastructure and technology for rice production in africa survey on small scale irrgation and dugouts masterplan study on the oil palm industry in ghana. Cocoa is ghanas dominant cash crop and single most important export product. It is blessed with several natural resources, including. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014.
The cocoa industry employs approximately 800,000 farm families spread over six of the ten regions of ghana. For the representative ghanaian producer producing a total of. Discover all statistics and data on cocoa industry now on. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems, sustain able tree crops programme, international institute of tropical agricul ture, accra, ghana. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. The paper describes the trends in cocoa production and processing and highlights the key characteristics. Cocoa farming became a widespread in the various regions of ghana, mainly in the eastern region, brong ahafo region, western region and central region. The eastern region, which was once the centre of the cocoa industry in ghana, saw its share of national production decline from 12 to 9 percent over this period, even as it increased its output by 20 000 tonnes. This forced many producers to abandon cocoa production altogether in favor of more lucrative crops.
Cocoa plays an important role in the economy of ghana. Approximately 86% of the world cocoa production is grown by small landholder farmers and the. Although production has increased consistently since the mid1980s, it still is. Cocoa production is, at the macroeconomic level, a laborabsorbing sector for the ghanaian economy. The determination of producer price in ghanas cocoa sector and the provision of service to cocoa farmers by mr. Structural change in ghana 19602010 remi jedwab gwu and lse robert darko osei isser september 2012 this country case study has been prepared for the project \structural change in developing countries abstract development is associated with structural transformation, i. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. The analysis presented in this document is the result of the partnerships established in the context of the. Manual labor and material handling, the use of sharp tools, application of pesticides, and lack of personal protective equipment and clothing characterized cocoa production in western ghana. The cocoa processing company ltd food processing technology.
Introduction ghana is the worlds second largest producer of cocoa, responsible for producing around 20 per cent of the worlds bulk cocoa in 20052006 icco, 2006. By the beginning of the 1980s, ghanas production dropped significantly from an average of more than 400,000 tonnes per year to a low of 270,000 tonnes between 19881990 crig handbook, 2010 2. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghanas cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. The eastern region is one of the six cocoa producing regions of ghana, and the first point of cocoa introduction in 1879 okali, 1983. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. A cocoa tree can be productive for twentyfive years and it takes three to five years for it to yield a crop. Ghana cocoa board food and agriculture organization. The interwar period marked a slowdown in cocoa 202 chapter 12. Its importance is not only in the contribution of about 25% annually of the total foreign exchange earnings but. Ghana, the worlds second largest producer of cocoa after ivory coast says it is aiming at increasing production levels to achieve 1. Ghana plans to increase its production by 100,000 tons per annum, while nigerias and cameroons targets are 40,000 t and 10,000 t p. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. The pods grow both along the main stem of the tree and throughout the canopy. Ghana is an agricultural nation with more than half of its population engaged in agric production.
Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Stagnation and growth postindependence 1938early 1964. A look at the competitiveness and determinants of cocoa exports, production and prices for ghana boansi, david corvinus university of budapest, hungary 12 july 20 online at. The study was carried out by associates for change1, on behalf of international cocoa initiative ici as part of a process for developing an overall strategy and initial programme plan. Issn 18082882 br 338 ghanas cocoa beans are richer in theobromine and flavonoids which render the. Returns to public agricultural spending in the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors of ghana abstract using public expenditure and agricultural production data on ghana from 1961 to 2012, this paper assesses the returns to public spending in the agricultural sector, taking into. Cameroon have all set ambitious targets for further raising cocoa production. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role. However, production declined since the mid1960s, reaching its lowest level in 1983. Situational analysis of child labour in the cocoa sector.
At present, the production capacity of cocoa in nigeria has reached about 385, 000 metric tones per annum, an increase of 215, 000 metric tones from year 2000 production level. It continues to be one of ghanas main exports and has been central to its debates on development, reforms and poverty alleviation strategies since independence in 1957. Cocoa is ghanas most important agricultural export crop and provides the third largest. Two factors, above all, influence the supply of cocoa in the short to medium term. Munich personal repec archive export performance and macrolinkages. Quality control along the primary processing chain of.
Cocoa production and related socialeconomic and climate. In the area of availability of land for production, ghana has almost exhausted the available land. Cocoa consumption and madeinghana products launched. Ghanas cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003. Ghana has recorded its biggest cocoa harvest in six years, according to two people familiar with the matter, after favorable weather conditions boosted output. The cocoa processing company ltd is mostly owned by the ghanaian government and the facility in tema was chosen in early 2004 to be updated and expanded as the first step of consolidating the cocoa business inside ghana. This result is further corroborated by an analysis of the effect of changes in selling choices between 2002 and 2004 on production levels. In ghana, several cash crops are grown including oil. This disposition places nigeria as the fourth highest cocoa producing nation in the. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential. Selling the crop up to a year in advance allows the marketing board to fix in advance the price it can offer to farmers for the entire crop year.
Likewise, one cannot think of ghana tionwithout thinking of its cocoa. Assessment of land tenurerelated constraints to cocoa productivity in ghana 3 1. It is not only smallscale farmers that are dependent on earnings from cocoa, but also the ghanaian state, and now more. Ghana is a major producer of cocoa in the world and relies heavily on the crop for foreign exchange revenue. Ghana produces biggest cocoa crop in six years bloomberg. Ghana was at one time the world leader in terms of cocoa production but it was hit by a dramatic drop in prices on the world market in the 1970s. Ghana cocoa board official website cocobod, accra, ghana. The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. The oil production expected in ghana during the upcoming decades and the countrys dependency on cocoa, timber, gold and minerals raise the question about the growth e ects of natural resources in general, and oil production in particular. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer. It is the third most populous region, after the ashanti and greater accra.
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